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Regulated wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Regulated wetlands generally include, but are not limited to: swamps, marshes, bogs, ponds, including their submerged aquatic beds and similar areas. Wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from nonwetland sites, including, but not limited to: irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and landscape amenities, or those wetlands created after July 1, 1990 (adoption date of Chapter 36.70A RCW, Growth Management Act), that were unintentionally created as a result of the construction of a road, street, or highway. Wetlands created as mitigation and wetland modified for approved land use activities shall be considered as regulated wetlands.

The wetland edge shall be established pursuant to the most current version of the Washington State Wetland Delineation Manual adopted under Chapter 90.58 RCW. Wetlands shall be further designated based on classifying the biological, chemical, and physical functions that wetlands perform in the context of both the watershed and landscape as follows:

(1) Watershed Functions. Wetlands shall be classified based on one or more of the hydrology types specified in Table 2. Watershed functions shall be determined based on the wetlands hydrology type and wetland hydrologic functions as specified in Table 3.

(2) Landscape Functions. Wetland landscape functions shall be characterized and assessed based on existing wetland and adjacent upland conditions, landscape position, documented species use, and existing management/modifications pursuant to the criteria in subsections (2)(a) through (2)(i) of this section as they relate to the subject property or within the jurisdiction of this chapter as it applies to regulated wetlands. Based on these criteria, landscape functions shall be further classified into one of four wetland classes, as specified in Table 4, with Class I being the most functional and Class IV being the least functional.

(a) Habitat Type. Classify and delineate wetland habitat types based on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats, dated 1979, as now or hereafter amended. Identify the dominant vegetation communities associated with each classified wetland habitat type.

(b) Habitat Diversity. Calculate both the total number of wetland habitat types and the different wetland habitat types identified in subsection (2)(a) of this section for each wetland.

(c) Habitat Size. Calculate the total wetland acreage and acreage of each individual habitat type identified in subsection (2)(a) of this section for each wetland.

(d) Upland Habitat Type. Classify and delineate all lands into one or more of the following land cover categories: developed lands; agriculture; non-native plant species; water; native upland grasses; native forests less than 20 feet in height; native forest greater than 20 feet in height; and mature conifers.

(e) Significant Habitat Features. Identify and delineate the presence of significant habitat features including, but not limited to: estuaries, snags, islands, rare or unique plant communities, mature conifers, Class I wildlife habitat conservation areas, and/or wetlands classified as exhibiting a high functional value (see Table 3) of water availability for migratory waterfowl or other wildlife species.

(f) Species Use. Identify and delineate all known priority habitats for species listed as species of concern or priority species.

(g) Anadromous Fish Use. Identify wetlands contiguous to Type 1 – 3 aquatic habitat conservation areas, or other waters containing anadromous fisheries recognized by local or state public agencies.

(h) Significant Wildlife Movement Corridor. Identify whether one or more of the following areas is located within:

(i) Land and water areas designated as shorelines in the Shoreline Management Act of 1971 and the Clallam County Shoreline Master Program;

(ii) Lands within the Sequim and Port Angeles Regional Comprehensive Plans, CCC Title 33, designated as significant wildlife movement corridors, open space and greenbelt corridors;

(iii) Federal, state, and local parks, wildlife refuges, and other protected natural areas;

(iv) Lands within the Clallam County Comprehensive Plan, CCC Title 33, designated as public or commercial forest lands;

(v) Type 1 – 4 aquatic habitat conservation areas;

(vi) Wetlands totaling twenty (20) or more acres;

(vii) Easements or other dedicated lands granted to Clallam County or other organizations devoted to protection and management critical areas, open spaces, or wildlife habitat.

(i) Management and Modification. Identify existing management and alterations of wetlands, and the impact of such actions on the above classifications. Wetland management activities include, but are not limited to: forestry, livestock grazing, agriculture, commercial recreation (e.g., golf courses), residential (e.g., lawns), public lands (e.g., parks, natural areas), and/or land not managed for any other use. Wetland alterations include, but are not limited to: flooding, impounding of water, excavation, filling, grading, draining, or discharge from irrigation or drainage facilities.

Table 2. Classification of Wetland Hydrology Types

Hydrology Type*

Landscape Position

Water Source**

Water Output*

Type 1

Shallow soils formed on glacial till on hillsides

Perched

Discharges to stream

Type 2

Moderately deep soils found in basins and drainageways formed in depressions in glacial drift on hills

Perched

Initiates streams

Type 3

Very deep soils occurring in basins on low terraces formed in alluvium (i.e., stream deposited materials)

Perched

Enclosed basin

Type 4

Wetlands found in depressions associated with coarse material over glacial till

Unconfined aquifer

Unconfined aquifer

Type 5

Very deep soils on level terraces and in valleys, formed in organic material

Unconfined aquifer

Initiates or supplements streamflow

Type 6

Very deep soils on low level terraces and floodplains formed in alluvium near marine shorelines

Unconfined aquifer, tidally influenced

Lower reaches of streams and marine waters

Type 7

Wetlands formed along the margin of surficial geological units that have a restrictive layer (i.e., glacial till), where they come into contact with unrestricted coarse units

Perched or unconfined aquifer

Unconfined aquifer

Type 8

Wetlands formed within the floodplain of streams

Stream discharges to wetland

Wetland discharges to stream

Type 9

Wetlands (e.g., bogs) located in depressions where water tables are at or near the surface normally year-round

Precipitation

Evapotranspiration

Type 10

Floodplains underlain by glacial till

Perched

Discharges to stream

Type 11

Wetlands associated with lakes

Lake

Lake

Type 12

Wetlands located along marine shorelines behind coastal dunes

Marine, tidally influenced

Marine and evapotranspiration

Other

Define associated landform

Define primary source of water

Define primary receiving body of water output

*Refers to the factors that control the source(s) of water to a wetland and where the water goes after leaving the wetland.

**Refers to natural wetland hydrology (i.e., does not include hydrologic modifications).

(3) Wetland Hydrologic Functions. The effect that classified wetland hydrology types have on the overall flow and quality of water in the watershed in comparison to nonwetland areas. For the purposes of this chapter, wetland hydrologic functions are defined as follows:

(a) Drinking Water. Ability of a wetland to recharge, maintain, and/or enhance surface or ground water resources that yield potable water in sufficient quantities to be economically useful.

(b) Floodflow Desynchronization. Ability of a wetland to retain/detain floodwaters in the upper watershed, reducing the severity of flooding and increasing the time of concentration above that which occurs in adjacent upslope areas.

(c) Ground Water Recharge. This wetland function is significant but not in the context that wetlands act as the major locations of ground water recharge to aquifers. Although some wetlands do provide a significant amount of ground water recharge, the large areas of river alluvium and unconsolidated glacial deposits and, in the Sequim-Dungeness Valley, the irrigation network are much more regionally significant. Rather, ground water recharge is significant due to the fact that wetlands in contact with the aquifer are most susceptible to carrying pollutants to the aquifer. Conversely, if managed properly, such wetlands could assist in the treatment of pollutants already carried in the drinking water aquifer.

(i) Nutrient Removal/Transformation Opportunity. Ability of a wetland to retain or transform inorganic phosphorus and/or nitrogen into their organic forms, or transform nitrogen into its gaseous form, on either a net annual basis, or during the growing season.

(ii) Sediment/Toxicant/Bacterial Retention. Ability of a wetland to retain suspended solids and chemical contaminants such as pesticides, pathogens, and heavy metals absorbed to them, on a net annual basis.

(iii) Seawater Intrusion Prevention. These wetlands are the boundary between the unconfined aquifer and the marine environment. Loss of water supply or drainage of wetlands will likely increase seawater intrusion to unconfined aquifers supplying drinking water to coastal inhabitants.

(iv) Streamflow/Channel Maintenance. Wetlands that due to detention or ground water discharge supply a significant proportion of streamflow during summer and fall. These areas regulate the amount and timing of stream energy and therefore are crucial to defining the shape of stream channels since they largely determine the shape of the hydrograph.

(v) Temperature Maintenance. Those wetlands that provide thermal refuges during winter and summer months due to influence from springs or contact with the unconfined aquifer. During summer months, wetlands with this function are important as fish habitat for salmonids; during winter months, these wetlands provide waterfowl habitat by maintaining ice-free conditions.

(vi) Water Availability. The ability of a wetland to provide surface water for migratory and resident species based on the timing, duration, and depth of surface water availability.

Table 3. Assessment of Wetland Hydrologic Functions

Wetland Hydrology Types

Hydrologic Function

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Flood storage

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

H

L

L

H

L

Floodflow desynchronization

L

H

L

L

H

L

L

H

L

H

H

L

Streamflow and channel maintenance

L

H

N

L***

H

H

N

H

N

L

H

N

Ground water recharge

N

N

L

H

N

L

H

H

H

H

H

L

Temperature maintenance

L

H

L

H

H

H

N

L

H

L

L

N

Sediment/bacterial removal

L

H

H

L

H

L

L

H

H

H

H

N

Nutrient removal opportunity

L

H

L

H*

H

H*

H

H

H

H

H

H

Toxicant removal opportunity

L

H

L

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Seawater intrusion prevention

N

N

N

N

N**

H

N

N

L

N

N

N

Drinking water

L

H

L

H

H

H

H

H

H

L

H

N

Water availability for migratory waterfowl

L

H

H

H

H

H

L

H

H

H

H

H

Water availability for other wildlife

L

H

H

H

H

H

L

H

H

H

H

L

H – High functional value

L – Performs this function to a limited degree

N – Does not perform function

* – Highest functional value in Sequim Bay Watershed

** – High value if associated with wetland hydrology

Table 4. Landscape Classification

Class I wetlands are those wetlands classified as:

• Estuarine wetland habitat types;

• Greater than or equal to twenty (20) acres, connected to a significant wildlife habitat movement corridor, and contain at least one significant habitat feature;

• Greater than or equal to three (3) acres, dominated by ninety (90) percent native vegetation (excluding contiguous stands of cattails, soft rush, hard hack, and horse tail), containing a forested or scrub-shrub habitat type, containing at least one significant habitat feature, and connected to a significant wildlife habitat movement corridor; and/or

• Wetlands of local significance.

Class II wetlands are those wetlands classified as:

• Greater than or equal to twenty (20) acres and not meeting Class I criteria; or

• Less than twenty (20) acres, dominated by fifty (50) percent native vegetation (excluding contiguous stands of cattails, soft rush, hard hack, and horse tail), containing a forested or scrub-shrub habitat type; containing at least one significant habitat feature, and connected to a significant wildlife habitat movement corridor.

Class III wetlands are those wetlands classified as:

• Wetlands less than twenty (20) acres which do not satisfy Class I, II, or IV criteria.

Class IV wetlands are those wetlands classified as:

• Hydrologically isolated, less than one acre but greater than 10,000 square feet, and dominated by plant cover composed of one of the following native plant species: soft rush, hard hack, horse tail, or cattail, or less than two (2) acres, and dominated by plant cover composed of non-native plant species.